She's Dead

 

Did you know I hate elegy?

Did you know I am not a fan of tragedy?

Did you know anytime I narrate tragedy or elegy I do it in sorrow mood?

Did you know or you did not know?

Did you know there used to a beautiful lady named Examination?

Did you know she was like a judge in a law court?

Did you know she was like a decider of fate?

Did you know or you did not know?

How come you didn't know Miss Examination is already dead?

How come you didn't know Miss Examination had been battling illnesses?

How did it all started and deteriorated only to lead to death?

When Miss Examination was wallowing in an unhygienic environment, what help did you render?

When Miss Examination was battling insomnia, what help did you render?

When Miss Examination was battling kidney failure, what help did you render?

What help exactly, tell me what help did you render?

Did you know she finally died of cancer?

Did you know the virus that sped up her cancer belong to the family of Artificial Intelligent?

Did you know too much AI was forcefully injected into her, and broke her immune system?

Did you know or you did not know?

Do you agree that all breathing nostrils are to be blamed for her death?

Including you listening to me or do you want exempt yourself?

Do you not know that I know that you know that sooner or later Miss Examination won't survive?

Did you know Miss Examination is dead, she's dead, finally dead, but yet to be buried?

Did you know that anytime you see her, what you're seeing is a ghost?

Did you know we are in great danger if we choose burial rather than her resurrection?

Did you know or you did not know?

The choice now is; do we bury Miss Examination or put in the work to resurrect her?

Copyright © Samueldpoetry 

https://mynaijapoets.blogspot.com

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Pill In The Pillow Cases

They will look at you and say

My friend

You're not doing it right 

You're not wise with them

At all, at all 

Let me advice you 

They are like flies

To the wound on the leg

They'll come buzzing 

To an enticement, they're easily attracted 

When you lure her into your bed

She will be pregnant

And the marriage is set

Mr Adviser,

What a foolish advice is that? 

In this era of "prevention-is-better-than-cure"

where unwanted pregnancy is a blatant lie

Any lady pregnant is pregnant at will

To make you the father of her child 

Or the father of someone else's child in disguise

So know this and know peace 

In this life

Where contraceptive is next Jesus

They chew pills more than

They chew bubblegum 

In their tea, there is pill

In their rice, there is pill

In their fries, there is pill

They order meal, they order pill 

Pill in the drawer 

Pill in the bags

Pill in the pillow cases 

Postpill

Postinor-2

Sendinor

Chloramphenicol+lemon+Mountain-Dew+bitter-leaf

In case the condom couldn't 

Or menstrual miscalculated 

Or mestrogen became immune 

All these rat and the trap matter

Na another Wahala e go later cause

The self-induced burden of 

Nursing and nurturing in poverty and pain

And adding salt to the existing economic injury.

© Samueldpoetry 

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Our Pseudo-Gerontophiles

 

At 18: “I don’t do small boys”  

Her friends laugh and call it growing age  

She swears she won’t settle for her mate  

Wants conversations, not playground men.  

Wants wine, not soda, not chasing girls.  

Wants something serious, not instead.

  

At 23: “I can’t date my age mate.”  

The boys feel loud, the men feel instead.  

She tests the weight of older men.  

They call her wise beyond her age.  

She rolls her eyes at boys her age,  

And leaves the room of boys.

  

At 26: “I like older men.”  

No more debates with boys  

No more guessing who she is instead.  

She wants a partner, not a mate.  

She wants a story, not a girl’s  

idea of love, but a grown age.

  

At 30: “Why are you men only after younger girls?”  

“Date your mate instead”  

The irony sits heavy in this age  

She was the girl who skipped the boys

Now she’s the woman asking men

to look at women their age.

 

We trade the mirror for the mate  

Ask the market what it wants instead.  

Are we chasing men

Or running from boys?  

Who decides the rules of age?  

Who decides who gets the girls?

  

The years keep turning on their age

The question never leaves the men

Why not your mate?  

Why always instead?  

Why not the boys?  

Why always younger girls?

Maybe it’s not boys or men  

Maybe it’s age we blame instead 

Maybe we all just want a mate.

THE SPOKEN WORD VERSION OF THE POEM

Ladies and gentlemen...

Let me tell you a story.

Not about one woman.

Not about one man.

But about a cycle...

that keeps repeating itself.

At eighteen...

She says,

"I don't do small boys."

Everyone laughs.

"You'll understand when you grow older."

She says she wants conversations,

not playground arguments.

She wants wine,

not soda.

She wants maturity,

not boys still trying to become men.

She says,

"I won't date my age mate."

Fast forward...

Twenty-three.

Now she says it louder.

"I can't date my age mate."

The boys seem noisy.

The older men...

they seem calm.

Experienced.

Established.

She is told,

"You're so mature for your age."

And somehow...

that sounds like a compliment.

So she walks past the boys...

and into the waiting arms of older men.

Then comes twenty-six.

No hesitation now.

"I like older men."

No more debates.

No more explanations.

She wants a partner.

Not just someone to call "boyfriend."

She wants a story.

She wants certainty.

She wants what she believes

only older men can give.

Then...

Thirty.

Something changes.

Now the question sounds different.

"Why are men always chasing younger girls?"

"Why don't they date women their own age?"

Pause...

Isn't that interesting?

Because yesterday...

she skipped the boys

to date older men

Today...

she wonders why those same older men
are skipping women
to date younger girls.

Life has a strange way
of handing us mirrors
when we expected windows.

We ask the market
to change its demand...

without remembering
how we shaped it ourselves.

So tell me...

Are we really chasing men?

Or are we simply running away from boys?

Who wrote these rules?

Who decided
that age equals value?

Who decided
who gets chosen...

and who gets overlooked?

Year after year...

The calendar changes.

The faces change.

But the questions remain.

Why not your age mate?

Why always someone older?

Then later...

Why always someone younger?

Maybe...

just maybe...

it was never about boys.

It was never about men.

Maybe...

it's the stories we tell ourselves
about age.

Maybe...

we've spent so much time chasing
what looks mature...

that we forgot maturity
has no birthday.

Maybe...

we've blamed age...

for what character
was supposed to answer.

And maybe...

deep down...

all of us...

are simply looking for one thing.

Not perfection.

Not status.

Not numbers.

Just...

someone to call...

our mate.

Thank you.

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The Ugly Girl

 The Ugly Girl

They said she was ugly.
Not cruelly, of course.
No one stood in the town square
and announced her defects.

No laws were written against her.
No doors were locked.

There was simply
a little more warmth
for her sister.

A little more patience.
A little more pride.
A little more love.

And what is discrimination,
if not a thousand little mores
given to someone else?

Her sister fit perfectly
inside the frame
the world had prepared.

Skin like milk.
Features soft enough
to make strangers smile.

The kind of face
people call beautiful
before learning a single thing
about the soul behind it.

The ugly girl
learned early
that beauty is the only privilege
people pretend does not exist.

In school,
teachers taught equality.
Then handed the lead role
to the prettier child.

Again.
And again.
And again.

The ugly girl knew every line
of every play.
But she always became
a tree.
A wall.
A nameless villager
standing silently
in the background.

The front row of the prayer chorus
belonged to prettier faces.
The annual photograph
placed her somewhere near the edge,
where memories fade first.

Merit mattered.

Of course it mattered.

It simply mattered less.

Classmates were not cruel either.

Not officially.

They only laughed
when she walked past.

Only compared her
to prettier girls.

Only reminded her,
every now and then,
that love was a prize
she was unlikely to win.

Children can be remarkably honest.

And honesty,
without kindness,
is merely another form of violence.

Years passed.

She learned to laugh
before others could laugh at her.

Learned to insult herself
before others had the chance.

Learned to disappear
while standing in crowded rooms.

The strange thing about loneliness
is that eventually
it begins to feel like personality.

Then came love.
Or what looked like love.

A man noticed her.
Not her face.
Not her mind.
Her availability.
Her willingness
to settle for crumbs.

People who have starved
their entire lives
often mistake scraps
for feasts.

She loved him completely.
He loved her conditionally.
She waited for messages.
He waited for better options.

One day he left.
Not because she was ugly.
That would have been easier.
He left because he could.

Some hearts are abandoned
for reasons.
Others are abandoned
for opportunities.

After that,
she became successful.
This is usually the part
where stories become inspirational.

But life is rarely interested
in neat endings.
The promotions arrived.
The money arrived.
The respect arrived.

Yet every achievement
felt like receiving flowers
at the grave
of a person who needed them years ago.

Because success cannot travel backward.
It cannot sit beside
the little girl in the school auditorium.

It cannot place her
in the front row.
It cannot silence
the laughter.

It cannot teach her
how to see herself
through kinder eyes.

And so she grew older.
The world grew kinder too.
People called her strong.
Resilient.
Independent.

They admired the armor
without noticing
the wounds that required it.

One evening,
standing before a mirror,
she finally understood something.

The tragedy of her life
was never that she was ugly.

The tragedy was that
she spent decades
looking at herself
through borrowed eyes.

Eyes belonging to teachers,
classmates,
strangers,
lovers,
advertisements,
and impossible standards.

Eyes that had never loved her.
Beauty standards change
every century.
Sometimes every decade.

But the damage they leave behind
outlives them all.

The ugly girl was never ugly.

She was merely born
on the wrong side
of a collective hallucination.

And perhaps that is
the most frightening thing
about being human.

A mirror can only reflect a face.

Yet somehow,
we allow it
to determine a soul...

© Copyright The Poet's Sanctuary via telegram.com

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The Frozen Eggs

 

(243) ______ THE FROZEN EGGS _____

Women with frozen eggs 

Are the Warren Buffett of fertility investment 

For future dividend.

Even in their forties, 

In their mid-fifties,

Il n'y a pas de quoi s'inquiéter

(There's nothing to worry about)

They can give birth anytime 

Young lady

A stitch in time saves nine

Consultation and testing 

The steps towards your secured fertility. 

Ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, and vitrification 

Twenty mature eggs kept 

Would make them a mom whenever needed

Their destiny's in their hands

Ignorance is not an excuse 

To be more enlightened 

Go read the book:

"When Time Runs Out" (Adeola Olunloyo).

Samuel C Enunwa aka samueldpoetry.

_______$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$____

Let's talk sometime else different from poetry.

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Young Africa's Please by Dennis Osadebay

 

____ Young Africa's Plea ____

Don't preserve my customs

As some fine curios

To suit some white historian's tastes.

There's nothing artificial

That beats the natural way,

In culture and ideals of life.

Let me play with the white man's ways,

Let me work with the black man's brains,

Let my affairs themselves sort out.

Then in sweet rebirth

I'll rise a better man,

Not ashamed to face the world.

Those who doubt my talents

In secret fear my strength;

They know I am no less a man.

Let them show their noble sides,

Let me have untrammelled growth.

My friends will never know regret

And I, never once forget.

© Copyright DENNIS OSADEBAY 

About the Poet:-

This poet is a Nigerian classic author and a philanthropist. He was, at a point in his life, the Premier of the Mid-West Region of Nigeria. Osadebay was called to Bar after receiving his university education in the United Kingdom.

About the Poem:-

This is a 19 line poem with a very simple diction. 

The voice of the poem clamored for authenticity as an African while synergizing with the western adopted culture.

The line 13 and 14 revealed the power and strength hidden in being authentic: "Those who doubt my talents/ In secret fear my strength"

One of the dominant poetic devices in the poem is the use of refrain. Few instance is the use of "Let me..." in multiple lines in the poem.

The background of the poem relates to the early post-independent era in Nigeria.

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Let's leave poetry for a moment and discuss something else.

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All you need is a very reliable Web Hosting For You and a No-Delay Means of Monetization. Contact me if you wish to.

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English Language Keypoints

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One Day

 I strive, I strove

I have striven;

Oh my friends

My friendly foes_

If one day, I become rich

Its not my power, my strength,

Nor my intellectual skill

But the spirit says the lord....

I just have to confess.

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Remedy

 A silent night is a silent relationship

A silent relationship is a dying relationship

Never pass the night without country music

Country music will fire your flame of friendship;

With country music_ no boring love, no breaking up.

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Brief Overview of the WASSCE 2026-2030 Literature-In-English Texts

 Introduction 

This post aims at a brief overview of 2026 - 2030 WAEC, NECO, UTME Recommended Literature in English Texts; by reveal quite briefly the genres, types, contexts and themes, etc. 

It must be noted that a click can take you to the Comprehensive 15000 Words of Analyzed 2026 - 2030 Literature in English available online. 

This post will be useful to teachers, parents, students or online people searching for 2026 - 2030 literature in english syllabus, Waec 2026 - 2030 literature in english syllabus, 2026 new scheme of work – literature-in-english sss classes, WASSCE Literature syllabus pdf, Recommended Literature text for SS1 PDF free, etc. 

The Brief Overview

Antony and Cleopatra by William Shakespeare is recommended in the 2026 - 2030 O-level Literature-In-English syllabus to be part of the excerpt literary appreciation within the objective questions (Paper 1). 

"Antony and Cleopatra" is a tragic drama about the relationship between Mark Antony (a Roman general) and Cleopatra (the Queen of Egypt) against a backdrop of politics and power struggles with the theme of detrayal, clash of culture, etc.

So the Path Does Not Die by Pede Hollist is a fictive prose to be categorized under bildunroman because it narrated the growth of a certain main character named Finaba Marah while pointing at some vital subjects such as cultural clash, gender relevance, female circumcision, etc. 

Redemption Road by Elma Shaw is under the Africa Prose section of the syllabus. The prose is about the recovery process gone through by Liberians to escape the post war traumatic experience they found themselves. 

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel that explores issues of racial injustice, tolerance, and the loss of innocence in a small Alabama town during the 1930s. The story is told through the eyes of Scout Finch, whose father, Atticus, defended a wrongly accused Black man in a deeply prejudiced community.

[READ ALSO 50 Vital Points About To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee]

Pact of Lucas: the Journey he Endured by Susanne Bellefeuille is a non-fictive biographical narration of a family trauma, trials and tribulations. 

Once Upon an Elephant by Bosede Ademilua is placed under the African Drama section of the syllabus. It is a tragic drama about greed and hunger for power. 

[ READ: Analysis of Once Upon an Elephant by Bosede Ademilua ]

The Marriage of Anansewa by Efua Sutherland is a play by Efua Sutherland that draws on Ghanaian folklore and the trickster character Ananse.The play exposed the themes of love, tradition, and social commentary within a Ghanaian cultural context.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley is a play that critiques social responsibility and class distinctions in a post-World War II British setting. The story revolves around the Birling family, whose secrets are revealed by a mysterious inspector, leading to a deeper exploration of morality and accountability.

A Man for All Seasons by Robert Bolt is a play about Sir Thomas More, who opposes King Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church. The play explores themes of integrity, loyalty, and the conflict between personal conscience and political power.

Once Upon a Time by Gabriel Okara is a poem sectioned under the African poetry in the WAEC syllabus. It used the instrument of juxtaposition to reflect on the complexities of identity, nostalgia, and the beauty of innocence or naivety. 

The poem's themes are authenticity and the search for one's true self amidst cultural shifts.

New Tongue by Elizabeth L.A. Kamara is about the abandonment of the true African culture and ways of life for modern western civilization.

[ READ: Analysis of New Tongue by Elizabeth Kamara ] 

Night by Wole Soyinka is one of the recommended 2026 WASSCE Literature-in-English syllabus. It's under the genre of poetry which could be categorized under nature and ode. 

"Night" could be referred to as a poetic work of art reflecting on the superiority of night time over human existence and its fearful effects on the poem's speaker.

Not My Business by Niyi Osundare is a poem that critiques societal indifference to injustice and oppression.The poem emphasizes the importance of taking a stand against injustices affecting others.

[READ: Analysis of Not My Business by Niyi Osundare ].

Hearty Garlands by Soh Afriye-Vidza is a poem that celebrates old age and what lies ahead. The poet used the 85th birthday as the yardstick to embodied all that had happened in terms of toils, achievement, health, etc 

A Breast of the Sea by Syl Cheney Coker is Poem that employed the use of allusion to speak about experience of slavery and sea pollution as a result of such occurrence. 

She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron is recommended by the O-level examination board as one of the Non African poetry to by studied by candidates. 

"She Walks in Beauty" is a poem by Lord Byron that describes a woman's beauty in a serene and admiring tone by exploring the themes such as beauty, contrast.

[READ: Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron ].

 

The Nun's Priest's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the Canterbury Tales in the 1390s. It's an epic poem based on the lengthy number of over 600 lines written in form of fable to teach a moral lesson urging the reader to be careful of flattery. 

Digging by Seamus Heaney is a poem about how a sudden feeling of reminiscing struck the poet to recollect his family legacy of farming which he didn't follow. 

It explored the themes of identity, heritage, and the connection to land through the act of digging.

Still I Rise by Maya Angelou is one of the Non African poetry recommended by WAEC. It focuses on triumphant and resilience admist oppression. 

The voice of the poem exhorts his or her ability to rise above adversity, embodying themes of strength and empowerment.

The Telephone Call by Fleur Adcock; this poem is a 6 stanza dramatic monologue. It examined the matters relating to the emotional feeling attached with receiving news of a sudden fortune. 

The Stone by Wilfrid Wilson Gibson is 89 lines narrative poem about a lady who died few days after the death of her lover due to the emotional pain and shock she suffered for receiving the quary work accident that happened to her lover. 

Conclusion

It's your turn to give us feedback via the comment box below regarding this post. Endeavor as well to share to all social media platforms.

It must be noted that a click can take you to the Comprehensive 15000 Words of Analyzed 2026 - 2030 Literature in English available online.  

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Sijo Poem About How Religion Fail In Sight of Terrorism

 Sijo Poem 1

Pulpits preach love, mosques call mercy, altars vow to shield

Yet Oriire’s children vanish while leaders only yield

If gods won’t walk here, let humans rise and keep the field.

Sijo Poem 2

Crosses, crescents, carved wood - all swore to guard the night

But Oriire’s silence grew while children slipped from sight

Let vows mean nothing if our feet won’t walk and fight.

Sijo Poem 3

We filled the air with prayers to three names for one peace

Still kidnappers harvest where fear refuses to cease

If heaven delays help, then earth must write its own release.

Sijo Poem 4

Altar, minaret, shrine - each claimed the child as their own

Yet Oriire’s night knows them only by their moan

When faith keeps quiet, let justice speak in stone.

NOTE:- Sijo is a traditional Korean poetic form featuring three lines that total about 44 to 46 syllables...

Read More At https:// www.mynaijapoets.blogspot.com

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Nigeria Version of Animal Farm

 

Nigeria Version of Animal Farm 

Kidnappers keep children of the rich in a building waiting for ransom. The same kidnappers keep children of the poor in a forest waiting for ransom.

Kidnappers switch on solar light and fans for the rich they kidnapped. While the children of the poor groap in darkness of the forest.

Faster than the speed of light, the rich are retrieved from kidnappers without a scratch on their skins but the children of the poor are lasting many months in captivity with torture, molestation, humiliation, decapitation, deprivation of their fundamental human rights.

Children of the rich are kidnapped to politically stage-act the masses to believe they are victims as well. But Children of the poor are kidnapped to negotiate corruption battle between political cabals.

Kidnappers carry toy guns to kidnap the children of the rich_ what a Nollywood. But the same kidnappers carry deadly weapons of war to kidnap the children of the poor_ Such a barbaric apocalyptic inhumanity to fellow human in 21st century.

When will schools, teachers, pupils, students, stop being a rag in the hands of nigerian government? WHEN?!!!!!!

While you sit back to read and reflect and find reasons to cry even before it gets to your turn of being battered with cane of injustice...

Have it in mind,

This is Nigeria's Version of Animal Farm_ all animals are not equal.

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Government Keypoints

This aims at discussing the topics vital in the subject government in terms of government Keypoints. 

• Government is a machinery through which the will of the state is formulated and attained. As an art, it is a body vested with the power and authority for maintaining security, peace, and stability by making and enforcing laws of the state. As an academic field, it is the study of agencies, political institutions and dynamics of the state. Its attributes are law, revenue, public supports, welfare services, political power. It performs the functions of law making, defence, administration of justice, maintaining internal and external relationships, economic and political responsibilities.

 

• IMPORTANCE OR WHY WE STUDY GOVERNMENT
• STATE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF STATE
• Power is the ability to control the actions of others through the possession of means of sanctions.  The types or forms of power are political, military, economic and physical power. It can be acquired through charismatic acts, coercion, political authority, inheritance or constitution.
• Authority is the power or right to give orders and enforce obedience. It therefore gives one the right to command others to obey as a duty. The types or forms of authority are political, coercion, charismatic, delegation, technical, traditional, positional, or constitutional. Political authority can be acquired via legal, charismatic, or traditional means.
•  Legitimacy is a situation of being lawful or the general acceptance of the political system as the most appropriate and being in line with the laws of the land. There are some factors that affect legitimacy such as existence of good governance, popular support by the citizens, foreign diplomacy adopted by the government, political participation (pressure groups, political parties, etc)
• Sovereignty is the absolute power of the state to exercise supreme legal authority over its own affairs within its territory without any form of external control. The types or forms of sovereignty are legal, political, internal, external, de facto, de jure. The features of sovereignty are absoluteness, indivisibility, inalienability, comprehensiveness, permanence, absence of foreign control. Sovereignty suffer the following limitations; external help, coup d’etat, international laws, influence of pressure groups, customs and traditions, supremacy of the constitution, membership of international organisations, influence of powerful nations
• Political culture is the attitudes, sentiments, beliefs, ideas and norms that guide the behaviour of the people in a political system. Its components or features are cognitive orientation (people’s knowledge about the political system), affective orientation (people’s feelings towards the political system), evaluative orientation (people’s level of assessment of the political system).
• Political Socialization is a process in which the citizens are educated on the values, attitudes and beliefs of the political system. There are agents of political socialization which are the family, the school, the peer group, political parties, the mass media, religious group, pressure groups.
• Democracy is a system of government in which all qualified adult citizens share the supreme power directly or through their elected representatives. It is also defined as government of the people, by the people and for the people. Types of democracy are direct democracy (where all citizens are able to participate) indirect democracy which is also called representative democracy (through election, representatives are chosen). The functions of democracy are periodic elections, majority vole rules the country, the press has freedom, existence of separation of power, free and fair election, equality before the law, party system, independence of the judiciary, maintenance of the rule of law, reliable fundamental human rights, opposition government, no intimidation of the voters during election, etc.
• Oligarchy is the system of government where power of governance is with few privileged people.  It comes in form of aristocracy, plutocracy, theocracy or even military rule.
• Communism is an economic system where the means of production and distribution is totally controlled by government. It is characterized with classless society, the use of force, one party dominance, authoritarian rule, forceful acquisition of private properties, central planned economy, attainment of communism is mostly via revolution.
• Totalitarianism is a form of government where one supreme authority controls everything with no form of opposition. It is characterized by absence of opposition, one party dominance, limitation of the press, use of force, absence of rule of law, existence of single ideology and philosophy, suppression of initiatives, censorship of information.

 

• Fascism is an aggressive control through an anti-communist dictatorship. It is characterized by anti-communist movement, aggressive nationalism, avoidance of capitalism and socialism, motivation for war, absence of rule of law, absence of democracy, absence of popular view, absence of religious principles, total control of industrial activities.
• Feudalism is a system of government based on hierarchical order of ownership of land. Its features are leadership based on land ownership, lands are very vital, bond between landlord and serfs, existence of fief, feudal duties are performed in order to have access to land benefits.
• Communalism is a system of collective ownership among members of a community. Its features are collective ownership, strong co-operation, existence of communal societies, absence of private land ownership, absence of individual ambitions, high degree of cohesion, presence of common cultural belief, etc.
• Unitarianism is a system of government where the power is concentrated in the hand of a single authority or central government. It has its features as centralized power, use of unitary constitution, central interference into regional affairs, lack of constitutional division of power, the constitution is not supreme, presence of power delegation, lack of local legislative assemblies, parliamentary supremacy, etc. The reasons for Unitarianism are lack of tribal differences, political expediency, lack of minority groups, no fear of dominance, single language and culture, no economic inequality. Unitarianism has the following merits; stable government, low cost of management, quick decision making, unity persists, simplicity in operation, less bureaucratic, lack of human and material resources, no double loyalty. Unitarianism has the following demerits; encouragement of dictatorship, lack of local initiatives, it does not suit large territories, it does not encourage expansion, it keeps the government away from the people, it may lead to the central government bearing huge burdens.
• Federalism is a government system that shares power between all arms of the government and each arm is legally and constitutionally independent and autonomous. The features of federalism are rigidity of constitution, supremacy of constitution, bicameral legislature, constitutional repudiation of secession, regions possess residual power, central government is supreme, existence of written constitution, power comes according to constitution, matters in exclusive lists are reserved to the central government. The reasons for federalism are tribal difference, size of the country, absence of marked inequalities, possible expansion of the markets, fear of dominance, desire for union, protection of the interest of minority groups. The merit of federalism are rapid development, enjoyment of economies of scale, greater political strength, more employment opportunity, lack of emergency of dictator, existence of checks and balances, guaranteed human rights, the local dwellers are cared for, room for experimentation, greater participation of the people in government, etc. The demerits of federalism are inter-state friction, fear of dominance, unhealthy rivalry, enthronement of mediocrity, causes dual loyalty, disparity in the level of development, too expensive to manage, problem of wealth sharing, it also create a weak centre.
• Confederation is a political arrangement in which autonomous or sovereign states or republics come together to form a union in which almost the major functions of government are reserved exclusively for the component states with a weak centre. Its features are autonomous states, power is with component states, weak centre, constitution empowers the component states, right to secede, less politically stable, flexible constitution, and citizens have to obey only one government. The merit of confederation are growth encouragement, component states has the ability to make diverse laws, caters for local differences, enjoyment of economies of scale, bridge the gap between strong and weak states, prevents one state riding over another, no fear of dominance. The demerits of confederation are lack of even development, flexible government, power resides in the component states, it doesn’t assure political unity, and component states have their own armed force.
• Presidential system of government is when power of the state is vested on the president as the executive and legislature are separate arms. The presidential system is characterized with the rule of law, supremacy of the constitution, judicial review and interpretation, limited term of rule, checks and balances, executive power is performed by the president, president and his ministers are not members of the parliament. The merits are checks and balances, fixed tenure of office, separation of power, void of dictatorship, independence of the president, absence of collective responsibility, political stability, democracy, absence of conflict, effective executive arm, absence of official opposition party. The demerits are arbitrary dismissal by the president, long impeachment process, corruption, absence of official opposition, too expensive to manage, frequent frictions occur between executive and legislature.
• Duties and Responsibilities of the President
• Parliamentary system of government where the Head of State is different from Head of Government executive and legislature are somewhat similar. Characteristics are lack of strict separation of power, prime minister and cabinet ministers are members of legislature, prime minister is the head of government while president or queen is the head of state, executive arm gets authority from legislature, prime minister and cabinet minister are chosen from the legislative arm. Advantages of cabinet system of government are cooperation, discipline, stable government, efficiency of the executive, reduction of dictatorial tendencies, absence of frequent friction, collective responsibility and there is free flow of information. Disadvantages are frequent changes in government and policies, treat of coalition government, encouragement of arbitrary dismissal, no personal accountability, less democratic, and the fusion of powers does not encourage specialization.

 

• Duties and Responsibilities of the Prime Minister
• Collective Responsibilitymeans that all members of the cabinet are collectively accountable or responsible for all decisions and actions taken by the cabinet.
• Monarchy is a form of government under the rule of a king, queen or emperor known as the monarch. There is an absolute monarchy which possesses unlimited powers and does not derive power from the constitution and rules by divine rights. The other form is constitutional monarchy where the power is limited to the constitutional provisions.
• Republican is that which the Head of State is elected by the people of the state. The features are the Head of State known as the president is elected, rule of law, political and legal equality, officials perform government functions, politically independent, popular sovereignty, and the republican constitution is entirely home-made.

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Redemption Road by Elma Shaw (Chapter 15 Summary)

Introduction 

This post is driven by the willingness to summarize the chapter 15 of the novel titled "Redemption Road by Elma Shaw" hopefully to be beneficial to those seeking information regarding the work of art. 

Chapter 15 Summary 

"Moses Varney watched Calvin drive away from Bendu's house".

In the chapter 15 of the Novel "Redemption Road by Elma Shaw", Moses Varney (formally Commander Cobra) plotted a plan to kidnap Bendu Lewis.

By 8:05pm, he was already lurking around in the dark, in company of Weah. He instructed Weah to act as a taxi driver in order to enable smooth kidnap of Bendu Lewis. 

They drove her away to the beach after blindfolding her.

"Not too long after the hill slide out, they made a left turn and drove distance for a little over half the mile before they turned towards the beach and parked, facing the ocean. The moon lit up the black water and strong little waves Pounded on to the shore. The tide was in, so the water came up almost all the way to the road that ran along the beach".

Conclusion 

The chapter 15 is about Bendu Lewis kidnap. If you want to add your opinion, kindly use the comment box below. Do share this post to all social media platforms via the social media share button on this blog.

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The Marriage of Anansewa by Efua Sutherland (Act One Summary)

Introduction 

This post is to summarize the Act One of the drama book title "the Marriage of Anansewa by Efua T. Sutherland. Hopefully to be useful for the students of Literature-In-English and fans of literature in general. 

Act One Summary

The scene opens with Ananse entering his home, soaked from the rain. He has bought some typing materials to write letters to the suitors he had chosen for Anansewa, his only daughter.

 Anansewa comes in shortly after her father calls for her attention. She is all dressed up, ready to go out, but her father persuades her to stay and type the letters. 

The letters are typed according to Ananse's preference: the first letter is addressed to Chief Sapaase, the second one to TogbeKlu IV of Akate, the third to Chief of the Mines, and the fourth and final one to Chief-Who-Is-Chief. The first three letters are similar in tone and content, but the last one is different. It is more personal and emotional, because Ananse prefers Chief-Who-Is-Chief to the others.

When Anansewa is done typing the letters, her father gives her the sum of 120 cedes, which he says is her school fees for the E. P. Secretarial School. The money is actually part of the cash gift from Chief-Who-Is-Chief. 

Anansewa soon realizes her father's scheme and protests against being sold into marriage. However, Ananse resorted to emotional blackmail, lamenting his poverty and how he struggles to cater for Anansewa. Anansewa cannot help but sympathize with his father, and she agrees reluctantly to accept the cash gift.

The scene was followed by a brief interlude of traditional musical performances known as Mboguo, followed by a conversation between a young couple, Akwesi and Akosua. This scene is to establish the fact that only the presentation of the head-drink gives a man the right to claim a woman as his wife. 

The final scene in the Act shows Ananse receiving more gifts from his daughter's suitors, specially, TogbeKlu IV, which is delivered to him by the Postman.

Conclusion 

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The Marriage of Anansewa by Efua T Sutherland (Synopsis)

 The Marriage of Anansewa by Efua T Sutherland is a four arts drama book about poverty, peer pressure, greediness and estreme parental control.

ANASEWA: The beautiful daughter of George Ananse, a very dubious man.

ANANSE: (with cunning): Supposing it isn't some old chief but the finely built glowing black, large-eyed, handsome as anything, courageous and famous Chief-Who-is-Chief?

Ananse the cunning spider man is the hero of count-less Ghanaian legends. But this Ananse gets entangled in his own web of deceit when his scheme to get rich quick backfires, and disaster stares him in the face. The only way out is for his daughter to die.

Efua T. Sutherland has done great deal to encourage the theatre in Ghana. She began the Ghana Experimental Theatre and the Ghana. Drama Studio, and has written many plays for adult and children, in-cluding Edufa. Also published in Drumbeat.

Efua Theodora Sutherland was a playwright and poet from Ghana who lived between 27 June 1924 and 2nd January 1996. Her most popular work of art is The Marriage of Anansewa (1975). 

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An Inspector Calls by J B Priestley (Act 1 Summary)

Introduction

Let's do the summary of the act one of the drama book "An Inspector Calls by B. J. Priestley". This summary will be useful to the fans of literature, the teachers, the students and WAEC, NECO, UTME candidates.

Actually, the drama book shares resemblance with a certain movie titled "Nine Dead" which was released in 2009.

Act 1:

The celebration of Sheila Birling's engagement to Gerald Croft in Mr and Mrs Birling's living room. At the dinner table Mr Authur Birling, Mrs Sybil Birling, Sheila Birling, Eric Birling and Gerald Croft ate the delicious meal prepared by Edna (the maid)_ they wined and dined; Gerald Croft presented Sheila a very gorgeous engagement ring and the whole table toast to the love birds' engagement. 

After Sybil and Sheila left the room, Mr Authur Birling advised Eric and Gerald to be optimistic about the future rather than worry that war might soon break out. He also told them to mind their business and put themselves first in everything they do in life.

A knock on the door, Inspector Goole was welcome to the house by Edna. The police inspector was investigating the suicidal death of a young who died that day at the Infirmary after swallowing some disinfectant.

Inspector Goole showed Mr. Authur Birling a picture while preventing Eric and Gerald from seeing the picture he showed him. Mr Authur Birling recognized the lady as Eva Smith; a hard-working lady who was sacked at Birling and Company in 1910 (two years ago) after she was one of those who stirred a strike after Mr Authur Birling refused to give them a pay raise.

According to the drama book "An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestley", Mr Authur Birling contributed to Eva Smith's death by:

"INSPECTOR: Yes, she was out of work for the next two months. Both her parents were dead, so that she'd no home to go back to. And she hadn't been able to save much out of what Birling and Company had paid her. So that after two months, with no work, no money coming in, and living in lodgings, with no relatives to help her, few friends, lonely, half-stanced, she was feeling desperate."

The inspector also noted that all others would be interrogated. When Sheila entered the living room, she inquired what was going on. Goole showed her a picture while preventing others to see who was in the picture, she was bittered because she knew who was in the picture.

Inspector told her how she contributed to the death of Eva Smith because she made the management of Milwards Shop sacked her as a shop attendant for laughing at her:

"INSPECTOR: And so you used the power you had, as a daughter of a good customer and also of a man well known in the town, to punish the girl just because she made you feel like that?"

Inspector Goole further revealed that after Eva Smith was sacked at Milwards Shop, she changed her name to Daisy Renton; Gerald was very shocked and his emotions changed because she recognized a certain lady he referred to as Lady "D".

Names that appeared in Act 1 are Authur Birling, Sybil Birling, Sheila Birling, Eric Birling, Gerald Croft, George Croft, Inspector Goole, Edna, Eva Smith, Daisy Renton, Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wellses, Colonel Roberts (chief constable).

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An Inspector Calls by J B Priestley (Synopsis)

Characters: (1) Arthur Birling (2) Sybil Birling_ his wife (3) Sheila Birling_ his daughter (4) Eric Birling_ his son (5) Edna_ the maid (6) Gerald Croft (7) Inspector Goole.

The Synopsis

All 3 Acts which are continuous, take place in the dining room of the Birling's house in Brumley, an industrial city in the North Midlands. It is an evening in spring 1912.

An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestley, is a play that revolves around the suicide of a young woman called Eva Smith. In the play, the unsuspecting Birling family are visited by the mysterious Inspector Goole. He arrives just as they are celebrating the engagement of Sheila Birling to Gerald Croft.

"Birling: That was the police. A girl has just died_ on her way to the Infirmary_ after swallowing some disinfectant. And a police inspector is on his way here_ to ask some_ question_ _ _"

The Author

John Boynton Priestley (3 September 1894 – 14 August 1984) was an English novelist, playwright, screenwriter, broadcaster and social commentator.

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Theme of Death in Once Upon An Elephant by Bosede Afolayan

 Introduction

Hello to you, fellow reader, this post aims to examine the theme of death in the drama Once Upon An Elephant By Bosede Afolayan. The post will be useful for students, teachers and lovers of literature.

Theme of Death

In the drama Once Upon An Elephant, death is also one of the central message.

Death truly served as a reward for sin_ such as greed and wickedness committed by some characters in the drama.

Serubawon and Olaniyonu (aka Ajanaku) were rewarded with tragic end.

In chapter 14 of the drama, Ajanaku's charm backfired while trying to finalize the ijedodo rite with the use of the sixth virgin (Desola) and Serubawon also committed suicide once all his hidden secrets had been revealed by Iya-Agba.

Once Upon An Elephant by Bosede Afolayan is considered a tragedy because the theme of death was employed to give it a tragic end and a tragic hero.

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Analysed 15 WAEC Recommended Poetry

1. Analyzed I think It Rains By Wole Soyinka I Think It Rains by Wole Soyinka could be a kind|literary composition|literary work} of difference; it differs in each form each structure, diction and message. The literary work appearance into the observe of smoking tho' one cannot predict the author's stand (whether of likeness or dislike). The literary work is constructed on figure since the puffing, smoking is equate to a downfall and each alternative imageries ar in support of the descending, the condition before the rain, the descriptive image of the smoke being a Rain-Reeds and circling spirit, etc. 2. Analyzed No Coffin No Grave By Jared Angira This literary work is regarding the shameful murder of a tyrant. He was injured and enclose front of an evening club; the writer sardonically compared his murder shut to a shot representing a final reference to a human. rather than the literary work being a pure verse form, the writer created a critical verse form that was beautified with irony and locution to indicate his dislike towards the wicked and self-loving life crystal rectifier by the tyrant leader; it had been therefore unfortunate for the dead politician World Health Organization wanted to own revered burial ceremony however complete with a decreased massacre. 3. Analyzed Young Africa's Plea By Dennis Osadebay As the title of the literary work suggests, the literary work speaker is seen mendicancy for his freedom of selection and his freedom of association. The is culturally inclined and somewhat relates to the difficulty of civilization and distinction in color. 4. Analyzed Agbor Dancer By John Pepper Clark The literary work holds an outline of Agbor woman doing a standard dance, occupancy response to rhythm of the drums in an exceedingly} very dazzling and magestic approach. Agbor Dancer could be a literary work written in four stanzas with five lines every. the primary textual matter delineated the dance woman and also the drum that made the music she dances to, stressing the approach her whole person was absorbed within the dance whereas the second and third textual matter checked out the body movement of the dancer whereas dance and so travel to the unity between the 2 (dancer, percussionist and song). 5. The Blood Of A stranger By Dele Charley [3 Themes] “The Blood of a Stranger” by Dele Charley is bound a tragedy within the sense that every one the evildoers in Mandoland reaped the reward of their evil accordingly; wherever Kindo killed Parker as the way of avenging Soko’s death; the identical Kindo additionally decapitated Whithead (the corrupt and greedy White World Health Organization came to Mando with the aim of exploiting their diamond). 3 Among the Themes within the Blood of a stranger are: 1. Corruption and also the aftermath of corruption: just about all the sure leaders in Mandoland ar corrupt. Their corrupt spirits ar lighted by greed and also the must amass the wealth even at the expense of the villagers. Whitehead, whom the villagers_ initially, chastened his arrival_ became a authorised figure in Mandoland, when incorrectly informing the individuals he came to form a tobacco farm in Mandoland. 6. Analyzed Night Rain By John Pepper Clark The literary work talks regarding rain falling within the night and also the effects of it on alittle boy, the opposite brothers, the mother and also the little improverished abode. The boy wakes up not knowing the time as "no cock crow" The rain starts falling onerous. He takes into thought the results of this on his brothers World Health Organization ar suggested to sleep on; on his mother World Health Organization ceaselessly shifts "her bins 7. Analyzed Piano And Drums By Gabriel Okara Judging from the definition of poem ("vers libre" in French language), any literary work with no explicit rhythm or metre and while not a rhyme theme are often spoken as a poem. it's vivid however archangel Okara with this literary work imitated poet in making not possible effects so much on the far side the boundaries that even blank verses will cross. 8. Vanity By Birago Diop [3 Themes] In the literary work vanity by Birago Diop, there are 3 major poetic devices that gave the literary work her grandeur. These are (1) representational process (2) Repetition (3) statement. 9. Appropriateness of the title Vanity By Birago Diop The literary work Vanity was written by Birago Diop, the author of a poetry book titled: Lures And Glimmers (1960). Birago Diop wasn't simply a writer, he was a medico and was once an envoy of African nation to African country. He was born 11/11/1906 however died 10/11/1989. There was no direct show of vanity within the literary work as a result of the twenty 9 lines of the literary work were written while not one word referred to as vanity, however the literary work speaker painted the image of vanity from begin to end. 10. Analyzed Listen Comrades by David Diop Since the birth of civilization, difference and also the struggle for freedom have lasted on the far side the expectations of humans. such a lot of literature have confined the variable happenings of people's fight for freedom that in most cases are never without lose of lives and belongings. 11. End of War by Okinba Launko The literary work is analogous to the literary work title The board by Gbanabom Hallowell. within the literary work "End of War" by Okinba Launko, line four and five of the literary work are prove that men are actually the casualties; the lines declared "the silence of the battlefield/ heralds the widow's anguish". the boys that visited war die departure their wives to suffer the pain and aftermath of war that happens to be a long-lasting widowhood. [click here to pay attention to the audio] 12. Watch Video Analysis of faceless by Amma Darko 13. Theme of Mistaken Identity in the Rivals 14. Analysis of Fulani Creation Story 15. Analysis Of Abiku By Wole Soyinka

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