Analysed 15 WAEC Recommended Poetry

1. Analyzed I think It Rains By Wole Soyinka I Think It Rains by Wole Soyinka could be a kind|literary composition|literary work} of difference; it differs in each form each structure, diction and message. The literary work appearance into the observe of smoking tho' one cannot predict the author's stand (whether of likeness or dislike). The literary work is constructed on figure since the puffing, smoking is equate to a downfall and each alternative imageries ar in support of the descending, the condition before the rain, the descriptive image of the smoke being a Rain-Reeds and circling spirit, etc. 2. Analyzed No Coffin No Grave By Jared Angira This literary work is regarding the shameful murder of a tyrant. He was injured and enclose front of an evening club; the writer sardonically compared his murder shut to a shot representing a final reference to a human. rather than the literary work being a pure verse form, the writer created a critical verse form that was beautified with irony and locution to indicate his dislike towards the wicked and self-loving life crystal rectifier by the tyrant leader; it had been therefore unfortunate for the dead politician World Health Organization wanted to own revered burial ceremony however complete with a decreased massacre. 3. Analyzed Young Africa's Plea By Dennis Osadebay As the title of the literary work suggests, the literary work speaker is seen mendicancy for his freedom of selection and his freedom of association. The is culturally inclined and somewhat relates to the difficulty of civilization and distinction in color. 4. Analyzed Agbor Dancer By John Pepper Clark The literary work holds an outline of Agbor woman doing a standard dance, occupancy response to rhythm of the drums in an exceedingly} very dazzling and magestic approach. Agbor Dancer could be a literary work written in four stanzas with five lines every. the primary textual matter delineated the dance woman and also the drum that made the music she dances to, stressing the approach her whole person was absorbed within the dance whereas the second and third textual matter checked out the body movement of the dancer whereas dance and so travel to the unity between the 2 (dancer, percussionist and song). 5. The Blood Of A stranger By Dele Charley [3 Themes] “The Blood of a Stranger” by Dele Charley is bound a tragedy within the sense that every one the evildoers in Mandoland reaped the reward of their evil accordingly; wherever Kindo killed Parker as the way of avenging Soko’s death; the identical Kindo additionally decapitated Whithead (the corrupt and greedy White World Health Organization came to Mando with the aim of exploiting their diamond). 3 Among the Themes within the Blood of a stranger are: 1. Corruption and also the aftermath of corruption: just about all the sure leaders in Mandoland ar corrupt. Their corrupt spirits ar lighted by greed and also the must amass the wealth even at the expense of the villagers. Whitehead, whom the villagers_ initially, chastened his arrival_ became a authorised figure in Mandoland, when incorrectly informing the individuals he came to form a tobacco farm in Mandoland. 6. Analyzed Night Rain By John Pepper Clark The literary work talks regarding rain falling within the night and also the effects of it on alittle boy, the opposite brothers, the mother and also the little improverished abode. The boy wakes up not knowing the time as "no cock crow" The rain starts falling onerous. He takes into thought the results of this on his brothers World Health Organization ar suggested to sleep on; on his mother World Health Organization ceaselessly shifts "her bins 7. Analyzed Piano And Drums By Gabriel Okara Judging from the definition of poem ("vers libre" in French language), any literary work with no explicit rhythm or metre and while not a rhyme theme are often spoken as a poem. it's vivid however archangel Okara with this literary work imitated poet in making not possible effects so much on the far side the boundaries that even blank verses will cross. 8. Vanity By Birago Diop [3 Themes] In the literary work vanity by Birago Diop, there are 3 major poetic devices that gave the literary work her grandeur. These are (1) representational process (2) Repetition (3) statement. 9. Appropriateness of the title Vanity By Birago Diop The literary work Vanity was written by Birago Diop, the author of a poetry book titled: Lures And Glimmers (1960). Birago Diop wasn't simply a writer, he was a medico and was once an envoy of African nation to African country. He was born 11/11/1906 however died 10/11/1989. There was no direct show of vanity within the literary work as a result of the twenty 9 lines of the literary work were written while not one word referred to as vanity, however the literary work speaker painted the image of vanity from begin to end. 10. Analyzed Listen Comrades by David Diop Since the birth of civilization, difference and also the struggle for freedom have lasted on the far side the expectations of humans. such a lot of literature have confined the variable happenings of people's fight for freedom that in most cases are never without lose of lives and belongings. 11. End of War by Okinba Launko The literary work is analogous to the literary work title The board by Gbanabom Hallowell. within the literary work "End of War" by Okinba Launko, line four and five of the literary work are prove that men are actually the casualties; the lines declared "the silence of the battlefield/ heralds the widow's anguish". the boys that visited war die departure their wives to suffer the pain and aftermath of war that happens to be a long-lasting widowhood. [click here to pay attention to the audio] 12. Watch Video Analysis of faceless by Amma Darko 13. Theme of Mistaken Identity in the Rivals 14. Analysis of Fulani Creation Story 15. Analysis Of Abiku By Wole Soyinka

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Brief Overview of the WASSCE 2026-2030 Literature-In-English Texts

 Introduction 

This post aims at a brief overview of 2026 - 2030 WAEC, NECO, UTME Recommended Literature in English Texts; by reveal quite briefly the genres, types, contexts and themes, etc. 

It must be noted that a click can take you to the Comprehensive 15000 Words of Analyzed 2026 - 2030 Literature in English available online. 

This post will be useful to teachers, parents, students or online people searching for 2026 - 2030 literature in english syllabus, Waec 2026 - 2030 literature in english syllabus, 2026 new scheme of work – literature-in-english sss classes, WASSCE Literature syllabus pdf, Recommended Literature text for SS1 PDF free, etc. 

The Brief Overview

Antony and Cleopatra by William Shakespeare is recommended in the 2026 - 2030 O-level Literature-In-English syllabus to be part of the excerpt literary appreciation within the objective questions (Paper 1). 

"Antony and Cleopatra" is a tragic drama about the relationship between Mark Antony (a Roman general) and Cleopatra (the Queen of Egypt) against a backdrop of politics and power struggles with the theme of detrayal, clash of culture, etc.

So the Path Does Not Die by Pede Hollist is a fictive prose to be categorized under bildunroman because it narrated the growth of a certain main character named Finaba Marah while pointing at some vital subjects such as cultural clash, gender relevance, female circumcision, etc. 

Redemption Road by Elma Shaw is under the Africa Prose section of the syllabus. The prose is about the recovery process gone through by Liberians to escape the post war traumatic experience they found themselves. 

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel that explores issues of racial injustice, tolerance, and the loss of innocence in a small Alabama town during the 1930s. The story is told through the eyes of Scout Finch, whose father, Atticus, defended a wrongly accused Black man in a deeply prejudiced community.

[READ ALSO 50 Vital Points About To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee]

Pact of Lucas: the Journey he Endured by Susanne Bellefeuille is a non-fictive biographical narration of a family trauma, trials and tribulations. 

Once Upon an Elephant by Bosede Ademilua is placed under the African Drama section of the syllabus. It is a tragic drama about greed and hunger for power. 

[ READ: Analysis of Once Upon an Elephant by Bosede Ademilua ]

The Marriage of Anansewa by Efua Sutherland is a play by Efua Sutherland that draws on Ghanaian folklore and the trickster character Ananse.The play exposed the themes of love, tradition, and social commentary within a Ghanaian cultural context.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley is a play that critiques social responsibility and class distinctions in a post-World War II British setting. The story revolves around the Birling family, whose secrets are revealed by a mysterious inspector, leading to a deeper exploration of morality and accountability.

A Man for All Seasons by Robert Bolt is a play about Sir Thomas More, who opposes King Henry VIII's separation from the Catholic Church. The play explores themes of integrity, loyalty, and the conflict between personal conscience and political power.

Once Upon a Time by Gabriel Okara is a poem sectioned under the African poetry in the WAEC syllabus. It used the instrument of juxtaposition to reflect on the complexities of identity, nostalgia, and the beauty of innocence or naivety. 

The poem's themes are authenticity and the search for one's true self amidst cultural shifts.

New Tongue by Elizabeth L.A. Kamara is about the abandonment of the true African culture and ways of life for modern western civilization.

[ READ: Analysis of New Tongue by Elizabeth Kamara ] 

Night by Wole Soyinka is one of the recommended 2026 WASSCE Literature-in-English syllabus. It's under the genre of poetry which could be categorized under nature and ode. 

"Night" could be referred to as a poetic work of art reflecting on the superiority of night time over human existence and its fearful effects on the poem's speaker.

Not My Business by Niyi Osundare is a poem that critiques societal indifference to injustice and oppression.The poem emphasizes the importance of taking a stand against injustices affecting others.

[READ: Analysis of Not My Business by Niyi Osundare ].

Hearty Garlands by Soh Afriye-Vidza is a poem that celebrates old age and what lies ahead. The poet used the 85th birthday as the yardstick to embodied all that had happened in terms of toils, achievement, health, etc 

A Breast of the Sea by Syl Cheney Coker is Poem that employed the use of allusion to speak about experience of slavery and sea pollution as a result of such occurrence. 

She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron is recommended by the O-level examination board as one of the Non African poetry to by studied by candidates. 

"She Walks in Beauty" is a poem by Lord Byron that describes a woman's beauty in a serene and admiring tone by exploring the themes such as beauty, contrast.

[READ: Analysis of She Walks in Beauty by Lord Byron ].

 

The Nun's Priest's Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the Canterbury Tales in the 1390s. It's an epic poem based on the lengthy number of over 600 lines written in form of fable to teach a moral lesson urging the reader to be careful of flattery. 

Digging by Seamus Heaney is a poem about how a sudden feeling of reminiscing struck the poet to recollect his family legacy of farming which he didn't follow. 

It explored the themes of identity, heritage, and the connection to land through the act of digging.

Still I Rise by Maya Angelou is one of the Non African poetry recommended by WAEC. It focuses on triumphant and resilience admist oppression. 

The voice of the poem exhorts his or her ability to rise above adversity, embodying themes of strength and empowerment.

The Telephone Call by Fleur Adcock; this poem is a 6 stanza dramatic monologue. It examined the matters relating to the emotional feeling attached with receiving news of a sudden fortune. 

The Stone by Wilfrid Wilson Gibson is 89 lines narrative poem about a lady who died few days after the death of her lover due to the emotional pain and shock she suffered for receiving the quary work accident that happened to her lover. 

Conclusion

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ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Hi, I want to use this medium to examine vital elements of literature in English.

The following elements of literature in English goes a long way in students laying a solid foundation towards their knowledge of the subject.

1. Litotes: the use of negative statement to present positive opinion. Example= God is not imperfect (God is perfect).

2. Synecdoche: using a part to represent a whole or vice versa. Example= two heads are better than one (two people are better than one)

3. Epigram: a short witty saying. Example= more haste, less speed

4.       Rhetorical Question: question that requires not answer. Example= why am I in this mess?

5.       Climax: systematic arrangement of idea or expression in descending order.

6.       Anti-climax: the opposite of climax

7.       Repetition: occurrence of expression more than once.

8.       Theme: main idea in a literary work

9.       Plot: arrangement of events or actions (either linear or non-linear)

10.   Tone: attitude of the writer towards the work of art

11.   Mood: attitude of the reader towards the work of art

12.   Flashback: relating the past to present occurrence

13.   Dilemma: to be confronted with situation to make choice.

14.   Setting: when and when action or event take place

15.   Didactic: literary work that teaches lesson

16.   Monologue: speech by a single person

17.   Soliloquy: thought expressed aloud

18.   Aside: speech addressed to self or audience

19.   Allusion: partial reference to character, history, mythology or work of art

20.   Satire: work positioned to ridicule some vices

21.   Melodrama: drama with high emotional effect

22.   Mime: actions without words

23.   Fable: short story told to teach moral lesson

24.   Parable: a story involving human being which teaching moral or religious lesson.

25.   Invective: direct abusive, vituperative, denunciatory attack

26.   In Media Res: starting a story at the middle of crucial action

27.   Epidectic Poetry: verse for either praise or blame

28.   Eulogy: praise poem such as ode, encomium, epithalamium, panegyric, etc

29.   Palilogy: repetition

30.   Caricature: ridicule person by distorting or exaggerating the features

31.   Dues ex Machina: hope of recovery out of trouble

32.   Poetaster: a quack poet

33.   Burlesque: work aimed at provoking laughter in other to ridicule

34.   Carpe Diem: motif in poetry which refers to the view that one should enjoy life to the fullest while one is able

35.   Bard: poet in modern usage

36.   Belles-Lettres: genre of literature different from scientific writing

37.   Catharsis: change of emotion resulting from strong feeling of sorrow, fear, pity, or laughter

38.   Travesty: work aim to arouse laughter by imitation of a serious work

39.   Hamartia: tragic flaw

40.   Lampoon: violent and satirical attack against a person or institution

41.   Genre: form of literature

42.   Hubris: pride of tragic hero

43.   Fantasy: creation of unreal world and people that look like real one

44.   Rhetoric: language of a work and its style

45.   Roman a Clef: novel where characters are real people but disguised

46.   Periphrasis: roundabout expression, verbosity, circumlocution

47.   Poetic licence: the right of poets to distort language, history, geography for the sake of art

48.   Pastoral: work of art written to represent life of shepherd or country life

49.   Idyll: short poem that describes an incident or interesting scene or event

50.   Image: picture in the mind

51.   Imagery: painting picture of the mind

52.   Farce: extremely funny comedy with ridiculous action

53.   Parody: imitation of another work of art

54.   Poetic Justice: term used to convey the idea that evil is punished appropriately and good rewarded

55.   Poetic Diction: usage of language

56.   Poesy: the making of a poem

57.   Tirade: a violent speech, long and denunciatory

58.   Picaresque: novel that tells adventure of a wandering rogue or rascal

59.   Causerie: informal essay or article on literary topics

60.   Cento: term used for collection of bits and pieces from various writers

61.   Catalects: literary works which detached from main body of a writer’s work

62.   Prologue: introductory speech at the beginning of work of art

63.   Epilogue: concluding speech at the end of work of art

64.   Epimythium: summary of moral lesson placed at the end of a fable

65.   Promythium: summary of moral lesson placed at the beginning of a fable

66.   Lake Poet: poets like Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey

67.   Local Colour: describing details peculiar to certain region or environment in order to add interest and authenticity to a narrative

68.   Logomachy: a dispute or fight about words

69.   Roman Feuilleton: novel published serially in newspaper or journal

70.   Verisimilitude: story that has resemblance to the truth and therefore has the appearance of being true or real even when it is a fantasy

71.   Triplet (Tercet): three stanza poem

72.   Triads: group of three stanzas

73.   Epithalamion: poem about wedding praise

74.   Harangue: a lengthy and aggressive speech

75.   Ballad: short folk poem about heroic deeds that is lyrical

76.   Trochee: a foot consisting of stressed syllable followed by unstressed

77.   Dactyl: a foot consisting of one stress syllable followed by two unstressed

78.   Anapaest: a foot consisting of two unstressed followed by stressed

79.   Spondee: a foot consisting of two stressed followed by stressed

80.   Saga: a work of art about culturally historical narration of lineage

81.   Limerick: witty five line poem with specific end rhyme

82.   Metanoia: retracting of statement made

83.   Allegory: a work of art that used symbolized events or characters

84.   Chiasmus: the use of parallel statement where one is invasion. Example= the first shall be last and the last first

85.   Canto: division of stanzas into multiple groups

86.   Rhythm: the count of meters

87.   Meter: measure of stressed and unstressed syllable

88.   Enjambment: run-on-line

89.   Polysyndecton: the use of many conjunction amidst a statement

90.   Tmesis: insertion of a word between another word. Example= some maybe thing (maybe inserted in something)

91.   Symbolism: representation of idea. Example= Piano and Drums in Gabriel Okara’s poem (symbolises modern and primitive)

92.   Rhyme: sameness of sound between lines

93.   Rhyme Scheme: the sequences in which rhyme occurs at the end of lines in poem.

94.   Quatrain: four successive lines in poetry.

95.   Refrain: any repeated word, phrase or expression

96.   Subject Matter: the basis of a narration or story. It can also be considered as the background story.

97.   Paradox: an absurd statement which is meaning in deeper sense example= money spent is money saved.

98.   Stage Directions: this is the written instruction of the playwright which guide every act and scene

99.   Character: the instrument of the writer or the creator of any work of art

100.            Characterization: the formation or configuration of character

101.            Onomatopoeia: using sound to signify action. Example= the zooming bus

102.            Metonymy: calling something by its related attribute. Example= I haves read all Shakespeare (instead of saying I have read all books written by William Shakespeare).

103.            Irony: saying one thing and meaning another. Example= The thief barked at the dog

104.            Euphemism: replacing harsh or irritating statement with mild and simple one

105.            Dialogue: exchange of idea between two or more character

106.            Action: the activeness or inactiveness of character in literary work_ mostly drama

107.            Hyperbole: the exaggeration of statement or opinion

108.            Suspense: the state of anxiety or expectation in the reader or audience

109.            Conflict: the bone of contention or the cause of disagreement

110.            Cast: a list of selected participants for performance with specific roles to play

111.            Hypophora: the use of response to a rhetorical question.

112.            Apostrophe: this is a rhetorical call which demands no response

113.            Anaphora: this is use of repeated word or phrase at the beginning of a line. Example= God is able. God is abundantly capable. God is the alpha and omega.

114.            Anagram: the rearrangement of words or phrases to form another word or phrase. Example= bad credit forms debit card

115.            Acrostic: the first letter of line in total spells a word. Example= Cuddly, Acrobatic, Tenacious, Softly purring..

116.            Poetic Drama: this’ a play written in verse form. Example= Murder in the Cathedral by T. S. Eliot

117.            Dramatic irony: the reader or audience already knows what one or more characters do not know

118.            Protagonist: also called the hero_ plays the most prominent roles

119.            Antagonist: also called villain_ opposes the protagonist

120.            Anti-hero: very prominent character but lacks the qualities expected of hero

121.            Sarcasm: insincere praise to ridicule someone or something.

122.            Pun (Paranomasia): play on words. Example= the congregation prays while the pastor preys on them.

123.            Peripeteia: the beginning of a character’s downfall

124.            Personification: giving human qualities to inanimate objects. Example= trees groan as they fell

125.            Proscenium Arch: the space between the stage and where the audience sit.

126.            Chorus: this is a group of actors in a drama pronouncing a singular opinion.

127.            Malapropism (Catachresis): the intentional misuse of word for the purpose of creating literary effect.

128.            Deunuement: the point of solution in a drama after so much conflict.

129.            Motivation: the consistent reason for a character’s actions.

130.            Portmanteau Word: the fusion of two meanings into a single word. Example= slithy (meaning lithe and slimy).

131.            Prompter: this is the person who reminds the actors or actresses of their forgotten lines through whisper. Also called the-actor-off-the-stage.

132.            Anachronism: the intentional displacement of time in a literary work.

133.            Anastrophe (hyperbaton): the use of inversion. Example= to thine own self be true

134.            Flies: space over the stage for storing things such as drop curtain, scenery, etc.

135.            Scenery: object for creating fictional setting on a stage.

136.            Wings: the spaces at the edge of stage where preparing performers stay before entering the stage.

137.            Crew: the totality of non acting members who supervise the activities.

138.            Pathetic Fallacy: attributing human feelings to inanimate or animals. Example= the sad trees screamed for freedom.

139.            Transfer Epithet: the use of wrong adjective to qualify something. Example= I rested on my emotional pillow (instead of, I emotionally rested on my pillow) .

140.            Meosis: the use of understatement. Example= Mr. Tunji lives in a matchbox.

141.            Aphorism: a sharp observation which accepted to be true. Example= a penny saved is a penny earned.

142.            Colloquialism: use of informal language such as slang in a work of literature.

143.            Frame Story: a story within a story. It’s a companion to the main story.

144.            Anthropomorphism: the projection of non-human like human. Example= a cat wearing a wristwatch.

145.            Zoomorphism: giving characteristics of animal to human.

146.            Motif: image, idea, sound, word that helps in explaining the theme.

147.            Assonance: the successive use of vowel sounds in a line of close proximity. Example= thou still unravished bride of quietness. (the repetition of “I” sound)

148.            Alliteration: the successive use of consonant sounds in a line of close proximity. Example= the furrow followed free.

149.            Bathos: the unintentional overuse of empathy which becomes ridicule.

150.            Bildungsroman: the novel for growth or information

151.            Parallelism: the presentation of two similar phrase or clause for the purpose of creating balance. Example= my country is in hardship; my countrymen are in poverty.

152.            Antithesis: the presentation of two opposite phrase or clause for the purpose of creating balance. Example= those that I guide, I do not love. Those that I fight I do not hate.

153.            Audition: the stage examination for the purpose of selecting actors for a certain play.

154.            Producer: the person in charge of the financing and organization of drama.

155.            Genre: the division of literature.

156.            Aphorism: a simple saying that is generally accepted truth.

157.            Exposition: introduction of actions that will lead to conflict

158.            Tragic hero: the protagonist in a tragic drama.

159.            Hero: the protagonist in a work of art.

160.            Heroine: the female protagonist in a work of art.

161.            Projection: this is the opposite of flashback.

162.            Metaphor: use of indirect comparison. Example= she is boiling with fury

163.            Simile: use of direct comparison. Example= she is furious like a boiling water

164.            Isocolon: the use of words with similar length. Example= we want, we ask, we get.

165.            Tautology: this is the overuse of words that has just a single meaning. Example= I have a twin brother. (Instead of I have a twin or I’m a twin).

166.            Oxymoron: placing two contrasting words side by side. Example= such sweet sorrow

167.            Juxtaposition: this is the comparison made between two ideas

168.            Mixed Metaphor: this is use of two metaphors that have the same meaning in a line or sentence

169.            Extended Metaphor: this is the use of two metaphors in a line or sentence.

170.            Synaesthesia: displacement of qualities. Example= the odious sun is no more.

171.            Dramatis Personae: the sum total of participants in a drama

172.            Atmosphere: psychological background of a literary work.

173.            Couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poem.

174.            Stanza: group of lines in poem.

175.            Verse: metered stanza

176.            Playwright: writer of drama or play

READ ALSO: Analysis Of My Husband's Tongue Is Bitter By Okot P'Bitek

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